• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    cooling device. the present invention relates to a low cost cooling device with which an appropriate oil concentration or oil viscosity that can be easily maintained for lubricating oil in the compressor, and with which the standby power consumption can be reduced. a compressor (40) compresses a refrigerant circulating between an indoor heat exchanger (21) and an open heat exchanger (31). a crankcase heater (46) heats the lubricating oil in the compressor (40). a control device (50) controls the crankcase heater (46) in such a way that the temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor (40) reaches a target oil temperature value that is obtained by adding an oil temperature offset value at the saturation temperature of the refrigerant in the compressor (40).
    公开号:BR112014007664B1
    申请号:R112014007664-2
    申请日:2012-09-28
    公开日:2021-04-13
    发明作者:Yoshinori Yura；Shinichi Kasahara；Kousuke Kibo
    申请人:Daikin Industries, Ltd.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical Field
    [001] The present invention relates to a refrigeration device in which a refrigerant is compressed by a compressor. Prior Art
    [002] Conventionally, as air conditioning devices for transferring heat between indoor and open air, there are air conditioning devices comprising an indoor use side heat exchanger and a heat source side heat exchanger. heat disposed in open air. In an air conditioning device of such description, in order to transfer heat, one of the use side heat exchanger and the heat source side heat exchanger is used as an irradiator, and the other is used as an evaporator. For example, in air conditioning devices of such a description, a refrigerant is circulated between the heat exchanger on the side of use and the heat exchanger on the side of the heat source and heat is transferred; therefore, a refrigeration device in general is configured using a compressor to compress the refrigerant, and the heat exchanger on the use side and the heat exchanger on the heat source side (radiator and evaporator).
    [003] In a refrigeration device of this type, if the lubricating oil temperature (hereinafter referred to as "oil temperature") is low when the pressure in the crankcase is under a fixed condition when the compressor is stopped, the proportion of the refrigerant that dissolves in the lubricating oil in the crankcase increases. Under additional conditions such as a long-term compressor shutdown and / or a change in refrigerant temperature or outside air temperature, the phenomenon we call "refrigerant stagnation" occurs, and a large amount of the refrigerant dissolves in the lubricating oil in the compressor during refrigerant stagnation. When the refrigerant becomes stagnant in the lubricating oil, for example, the viscosity of the lubricating oil decreases and the performance of the lubricating oil decreases.
    [004] In this way, in order to prevent refrigerant stagnation in the compressor, measures have been taken conventionally to mount a heater in the crankcase and heat the compressor and prevent the refrigerant from stagnating even when the compressor is stopped. There are also cases in which the lubricating oil in the compressor is heated by heating the motor winding using open phase energization.
    [005] However, energizing the heater to heat the compressor presents a problem in which a given amount of energy (standby energy) is consumed, increasing the amount of energy consumed by the cooling device. Summary of the Invention Technical problem
    [006] In order to cut the standby energy consumed by the compressor, for example, each of Patent Literature 1 (JP-A 2001-73952) and Patent Literature 2 (Japanese Patent No. 4111246) reveals a technique to determine, based on the refrigerant temperature or outside air temperature, periods during which heating by the compressor heater is not required, controlling the heater, and cutting off standby power.
    [007] In the techniques in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, although it is possible to cut the standby power, the scope remains to further cut the standby power. Furthermore, since control is not performed based on the amount of refrigerant dissolved in the lubricating oil in the compressor, there may be cases in which heating by the heater is insufficient.
    [008] However, according to the prior art disclosed in Patent Literature 3 (JP-A 9-170826), the compressor heater is controlled based on the oil concentration in the mixture of the lubricating oil and the refrigerant (ie, proportion of lubricating oil in the mixture). However, the heater control disclosed in Patent Literature 3 involves a complex calculation to obtain the current oil concentration from curves indicating the solubility characteristics of the refrigerant and the lubricating oil, and is not practical. For example, in the art in Patent Literature 3, the curve indicating the solubility characteristics must be obtained each time there is a change in the type of refrigerant and / or lubricating oil and / or combination and / or a condition. Therefore, there will not only be an increase in the cost required to obtain data from which the solubility curve is obtained and / or the amount of work required to obtain a regression formula created from the data, but there will also be an increase in load. calculation, such as an increase in the amount of data processed by a microcomputer during activation.
    [009] An objective of the present invention is to provide, at a low cost, a cooling device in which an appropriate oil concentration or oil viscosity can be easily maintained with reference to lubricating oil in a compressor and in which a power cut waiting time can be reached. Solution to the Problem
    [010] A refrigeration device according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a radiator to cause a refrigerant to radiate heat, an evaporator to cause the refrigerant to evaporate, a compressor to compress the refrigerant circulating between the radiator and the evaporator, a heater to heat lubricating oil in the compressor and a control device to control the heater. The control device controls the heater so that the oil temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor reaches an oil temperature target value obtained by adding a predetermined temperature to the saturation temperature of the refrigerant in the compressor.
    [011] According to the cooling device of the first aspect, controlling the heater using the target oil temperature value for the lubricating oil and the current oil temperature makes it possible to control the heater in a simple way using temperature as a parameter. Once the predetermined temperature is added to the saturation temperature of the refrigerant, it is possible to minimize dissolution of the refrigerant in the lubricating oil when the temperature of the outside air or the like does not reach the saturation temperature of the refrigerant, and easily maintain the oil concentration and / or oil viscosity. Furthermore, since the heater can be turned ON / OFF based on the saturation temperature of the refrigerant, the heater can be turned OFF when heating is unnecessary without being affected by external air conditions or the like, and a power cut. waiting can be achieved.
    [012] A refrigeration device according to a second aspect of the present invention is the refrigeration device according to the first aspect, and further comprises a refrigerant pressure detector for detecting the refrigerant pressure in the compressor. The target value of oil temperature is established, using the predetermined temperature, for a temperature of a mixture of the lubricating oil and the refrigerant in which the oil concentration or oil viscosity in solubility equilibrium in the refrigerant pressure is within a predetermined established range.
    [013] According to the cooling device of the second aspect, the target value of oil temperature is established, using the predetermined temperature for a temperature of the mixture at which the oil concentration and / or the oil viscosity at the pressure of the refrigerant is within a predetermined established range, by which the heater is controlled in a way that enables the standby power to be cut off while preventing a state in which heating by the heater is insufficient.
    [014] A cooling device according to a third aspect of the present invention is the cooling device according to the second aspect, in which the target value of oil temperature is established, using the predetermined temperature, for the temperature of the mixture of the lubricating oil with the refrigerant in which the oil concentration or oil viscosity in equilibrium of solubility in the refrigerant pressure is at a predetermined established value.
    [015] According to the cooling device of the third aspect, the heater can be controlled in order to result in an oil temperature at which an oil concentration or oil viscosity is maintained in a fixed condition.
    [016] A cooling device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the cooling device according to any one of the first to the third aspects, wherein the control device retains the predetermined temperature as data for each of the temperatures of saturation.
    [017] According to the cooling device of the fourth aspect, it is possible to use the data to omit the workload, for example, for the calculation performed by the control device.
    [018] A refrigeration device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the refrigerant device according to any one of the first to the fourth aspects, and further comprises a temperature detector for measuring the oil temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor. and sending the oil temperature to the control device or measurement devices to perform a measurement in relation to a parameter to estimate the oil temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor and send the measurement result to the control device.
    [019] According to the cooling device of the fifth aspect, providing the dedicated temperature detector or measuring device to measure the oil temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor it becomes possible to detect the oil temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor in a relatively accurate way.
    [020] A cooling device according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the cooling device according to a fifth aspect, in which the control device performs, when the cooling device is being started, a selection between normal start and special start with respect to refrigerant stagnation based on the oil temperature of the lubricating oil and the target value of the oil temperature.
    [021] According to the cooling device of the sixth aspect, it is possible to make an appropriate selection between normal start and special start, thus improving the reliability of the compressor.
    [022] A cooling device according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the cooling device according to the sixth aspect, wherein the special start includes a plurality of special starts with respect to refrigerant stagnation having different configurations one of others. When selecting the special starter instead of the normal starter, the control device performs a selection of the special starters based on the oil temperature of the lubricating oil and the target value of the oil temperature.
    [023] According to the cooling device of the seventh aspect, it is possible to select a more appropriate special start based on the oil temperature and the oil temperature target value, and the reliability is improved when compared to that of a case in which special match selection is not available.
    [024] A cooling device according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the cooling device according to the sixth or seventh aspect, in which, at the initial start after a power supply to the cooling device from outside is ON, the control device selects, according to the test operation implementation history, to perform a test operation or to perform the special start.
    [025] According to the cooling device of the eighth aspect, the control device can be used to switch between test operation and stagnation operation, making it possible to perform a test operation of the cooling device as required at the site of use and more. Effect of the Invention
    [026] In the refrigeration device according to the first aspect of the present invention, carrying out control using the saturation temperature and the predetermined temperature simplifies the control and therefore makes it possible to minimize cost, while also making it possible to maintain a concentration of oil or appropriate oil viscosity with reference to the lubricating oil in the compressor and achieve a cut in standby power.
    [027] In the cooling device according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to avoid carrying out a control that results in an unnecessarily high oil concentration or oil viscosity, thus improving the effect of cutting the standby power .
    [028] In the cooling device according to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to cut the standby energy while maintaining a uniform oil concentration or oil viscosity.
    [029] In the cooling device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, it is possible for the control device to control the heater at a high speed, and the response speed of the compressor for a change in situation is increased. From another perspective, it is possible to prevent an increase in the calculation region used in the control.
    [030] In the cooling device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, control can be performed exactly on the basis of a precise lubricating oil temperature.
    [031] In the cooling device according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the special start can be performed in an appropriate way when the special start is required, and the reliability is improved.
    [032] In the cooling device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to select the appropriate special start and thus improve reliability.
    [033] In the cooling device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to switch between test operation and special start, and installation of the cooling device is made easier. Furthermore, unnecessary stagnation operation can be avoided. Brief Description of Drawings
    [034] Figure 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating the configuration of an air conditioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a partially cropped perspective view illustrating the configuration of a compressor; Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating heater control by a control device; Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the saturation temperature and the oil temperature displacement value; Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the refrigerant pressure, the degree of solubility and the temperature of the mixture; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the setting of the oil temperature shift value; Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the effect of the cooling device according to a first embodiment; Figure 8 is a flow chart illustrating heater control by a conventional control device; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating heater control by a conventional control device; and Figure 10 is a flow chart illustrating heater control by a control device according to a second embodiment. Description of Modalities
    [035] Modalities of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Modalities of the compressor according to the present invention are not limited to what is described below, and can be modified without departing from the scope of the present invention. First Mode Cooling Device Configuration Refrigerant Circuit
    [036] Figure 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the configuration of an air conditioning device 10 in which a refrigeration device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is employed. The air conditioning device 10 comprises a use side unit 20 installed indoors, and a heat source side unit 30 installed outdoors. An indoor heat exchanger 21 and an indoor fan 22 are arranged in the use side unit 20. An open heat exchanger 31, an open fan 32, an electric valve 33, an accumulator 34, a four-way switching valve 35 and a compressor 40 are arranged in the heat source side unit 30.
    [037] The air conditioning device 10 in figure 1 comprises the four-way switching valve 35, and the four-way switching valve 35 enables switching between a cooling operation in which the indoor space is cooled and a heating operation in which the indoor space is heated. During a cooling operation, the indoor heat exchanger 21 functions as an evaporator and the indoor heat exchanger 31 functions as an irradiator. In contrast, during a heating operation, the indoor heat exchanger 21 functions as an irradiator and the indoor heat exchanger 31 functions as an evaporator.
    [038] The four-way switching valve 35 has four ports, from a first port to a fourth port. In the four-way switching valve 35, the first and second ports are connected and the third and fourth ports are connected during cooling, and the first and third ports are connected and the second and fourth ports are connected during heating. A discharge pipe 42 of the compressor 40 is connected to the first port of the four-way switching valve 35, one end of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected to the second port, one end of the indoor heat exchanger 21 is connected to the third port, and an inlet tube of the accumulator 34 is connected to the fourth port.
    [039] The connections between parts of the use side unit 20 and the heat source side unit 30 other than the four-way switching valve 35 in the air conditioning device 10 are as follows. Specifically, one end of the electric valve 33 is connected to the other end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. The other end of the indoor heat exchanger 21 is connected to the other end of the electrical valve 33. An exhaust pipe from the accumulator 34 is connected to an inlet tube 43 of the compressor 40. Compressor Configuration
    [040] Figure 2 is a partially cut-away perspective view of the compressor 40. The discharge tube 42 is mounted on the side of a cylindrical casing 41, and an inlet tube 43 is mounted on an upper part. A spiral 44 is provided below the inlet tube 43, and a motor 45 for driving the spiral 44 is provided below the spiral 44. One configuration is present so that the lubricating oil 70 accumulates in a lower part 41a of the cylindrical casing 41, and a crankcase heater 46 is mounted to wrap around the bottom 41a of the casing 41. An oil temperature detector 62 is mounted to the bottom 41a on which the lubricating oil 70 accumulates. Control Device and Measuring Instruments
    [041] As shown in figure 1, the air conditioning device 10 also comprises a control device 50 for controlling the operation of the air conditioning device 10 and a variety of measuring instruments. Measuring instruments relating to controlling the crankcase heater 46 of the compressor 40 are indicated in this document; many of the other measuring instruments will not be described. The control device 50 comprises a microcomputer comprising, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) 50a, a memory 50b and others. The control device 50 is connected to a fan motor 22a of the indoor fan 22, to a fan motor 32a of the indoor fan 32, to the electric valve 33, to the four-way switching valve 35, to the motor 45 and to the crankcase heater 46 of the compressor 40. A refrigerant pressure detector 61 to measure the pressure in the inlet tube 43 of the compressor 40, an oil temperature detector 62 to detect the temperature of the lubricating oil 70 in the compressor 40, a external air temperature detector 63 for detecting the external air temperature, and a heat exchanger temperature detector 64 for detecting the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 21 are connected to the control device 50. Crankcase Heater Control
    [042] A description will now be given with reference to the control of the crankcase heater 46 performed by the control device 50 along the flowchart shown in figure 3. The control device 50 controls the motor 45 of the compressor 40 and therefore has information relating to the states of compressor 40 during start-up and shutdown.
    [043] In a state in which the compressor 40 is stopped, the control device 50 first receives a detection result by the refrigerant pressure detector 61 and calculates the saturation temperature in the compressor 40 (step S10). As long as the refrigerant pressure LP is known, the saturation temperature Tr of the refrigerant can be easily calculated from the relationship between the refrigerant pressure and the saturation temperature using a well-known conventional method. For example, the control device 50 stores a formula fa indicating the relationship between the refrigerant pressure LP and the saturation gas temperature (hereinafter referred to as the saturation temperature Tr), and calculates the saturation temperature Tr using the formula fa.
    [044] The control device 50 then adds a predetermined temperature (referred to hereinafter as an oil temperature shift value) to the saturation temperature Tr obtained in step S10 and calculates an oil temperature target value Tso . The oil temperature shift value is determined based on data stored in the memory 50b of the control device 50 (step S11). A more detailed description of the oil temperature shift value will be given further below.
    [045] Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the saturation temperature Tr and the oil temperature displacement value. The graph shown in figure 4 varies according to the Cso oil concentration. Figure 4 shows two graphs representing a case in which the Cso oil concentration is 60% (that is, the refrigerant concentration is 40%) and a case in which the Cso oil concentration is 70% (that is, the concentration of refrigerant is 30%). For example, if the oil concentration Cso of the cooling device in the air conditioning device 10 is set to 60%, the data corresponding to the lower graph (the Cso concentration is 60%) in figure 4 are used, and other data are not used. they're used. If the saturation temperature Tr obtained in step S10 is 5 ° C, the oil temperature shift value is determined to be Tos1 ° C from point P1. Therefore, the oil temperature target value Tso is determined to be 5 ° C + Tos1 ° C (saturation temperature Tr + oil temperature offset value). The graph shown in figure 4 is approximated, for example, by a simple quadratic formula fb, and the control device 50 calculates the target value of oil temperature Tso from the values for the oil concentration Cso and the temperature of saturation Tr. With reference to the formula fb (Tr), a formula is made available for each value for the Cso oil concentration. A formula is selected according to the value for the oil concentration Cso, and the oil temperature target value Tso is calculated from the value for the saturation temperature Tr using the selected formula fb (Tr).
    [046] The control device 50 detects the oil temperature of the lubricating oil 70 in the compressor 40 using the oil temperature detector 62 (step S12). The oil temperature detector 62 can be installed in order to directly detect the oil temperature of the lubricating oil 70, but it is mounted on the bottom 41a of the casing 41 in this case. The location in which the oil temperature detector 62 is installed can be, for example, a side of the compressor 40, provided that the location is in the vicinity of an oil reservoir. Therefore, the control device 50 replaces the detected temperature Tb detected by the oil temperature detector 62 in a simple compensation formula fc and detects the oil temperature To with the formula fc. The compensation formula fc can be derived, for example, from an actual measurement performed with reference to a detection result by the oil temperature detector 62 and a value detected by directly inserting a temperature sensor into the lubricating oil 70.
    [047] In step S13, the control device 50 compares the target value of oil temperature Tso and oil temperature To with each other. If the oil temperature To has not reached the oil temperature target value Tso, the flow proceeds to step S14, the crankcase heater 46 is placed in a ON state, and the flow returns to step S10. If, using the oil temperature target value Tso and the oil temperature To are compared with each other in step S13, the oil temperature To has reached the oil temperature target value Tso, the control device 50 proceeds to step S15, crankcase heater 46 is placed in an OFF state and the flow returns to step S10.
    [048] By performing control of such description, the control device 50 is capable of controlling the crankcase heater 46 in such a way that the oil temperature To satisfies the oil temperature target value Tso when the compressor 40 is stopped . Oil Temperature offset value
    [049] As previously described, the cooling device as an example of the air conditioning device 10 is configured in such a way that the control device 50 performs a control enabling the state in which the oil temperature To of the lubricating oil 70 reaches the target oil temperature value Tso to be maintained while compressor 40 is stopped. The target value of oil temperature Tso is established from the saturation temperature Tr + the oil temperature offset value.
    [050] The oil temperature shift value is set in such a way that the oil temperature target value Tso is set for the temperature of a mixture of lubricating oil 70 with the refrigerant in which the oil concentration in equilibrium of LP refrigerant pressure solubility assumes a predetermined set value.
    [051] This matter will now be described using figure 5. Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the LP refrigerant pressure in an equilibrium state, the temperature of the lubricating oil 70 mixing with the refrigerant (referred to hereinafter such as liquid temperature) and refrigerant solubility. The points Ps1, Ps2, Ps3 and Ps4 shown in figure 5 correspond to points P1, P2, P3 and P4 in figure 4, respectively.
    [052] In the graph shown in figure 5, the point Ps1 is a point at which, in a state in which the pressure is α1 and the liquid temperature is β1 in solubility equilibrium, the oil concentration is 60% (ie , the solubility of refrigerant is 40%). As shown in figure 6, when the crankcase heater 46 is left without being switched to an ON state in the ST1 state at the Ps1 point, the liquid temperature changes from the current liquid temperature β1 to a saturation temperature of refrigerant Trα1 at which steady state ST2 is maintained at pressure α1. At this time, the refrigerant is further dissolved in the lubricating oil, and the oil concentration decreases by 60%. In other words, in order to maintain the oil concentration at 60%, the liquid temperature is maintained at β1.
    [053] Therefore, the oil temperature shift value is derived from (liquid temperature in which the oil concentration is 60% at pressure α1 at solubility equilibrium) - (refrigerant saturation temperature at pressure α1), this is, β1 - Trα1.
    [054] A description will now be given of the method for determining the oil temperature shift value for each refrigerant saturation temperature using figures 4 and 5. With reference to the oil concentration, a desired established value for the oil concentration is determined for each cooling device from the standpoint of reliability and standby power cut. Therefore, for a refrigeration device in which, for example, the oil concentration is set to 60%, the relationship between a straight line parallel to the vertical axis on which the solubility is 40% (hereinafter referred to as the 40 %) and each of the curves L1, L2, L3, L4, etc. is examined. It follows that the solubility curve that the 40% line crosses at point Ps2 corresponding to pressure α2 is L2, the solubility curve that the 40% line crosses at point Ps3 corresponding to pressure α3 is L3, and the solubility curve with which the 40% line crosses at point Ps4 corresponding to pressure α4 is L4. However, the temperature of an imaginary solubility curve indicated by a dash line and two points passing through the point Pth2 at which the oil temperature and the saturation temperature are equal at pressure α2 is Trα2. Similarly, the temperature of an imaginary solubility curve passing through point Pth3 corresponding to pressure α3 is Trα3 and the temperature of an imaginary solubility curve passing through point Pth4 corresponding to pressure α4 is Trα4. Therefore, the oil temperature shift value for pressure α2 is a value obtained by subtracting the temperature Trα2 from the temperature β2 indicated by the L2 curve. Similarly, the oil temperature shift value is, for pressure α3, a value obtained by subtracting the temperature Trα3 from the temperature β3 indicated by the curve L3, and for pressure α4, a value obtained by subtracting the temperature Trα4 from the temperature β4 indicated by the L4 curve.
    [055] As previously described, the oil temperature shift value is one that is determined as a single value once the refrigerant pressure in the compressor 40 is determined. Furthermore, the oil temperature shift value can be obtained in advance once the graph shown in figure 5 is established.
    [056] The points P1, P2, P3 and P4 in the graph shown in figure 4 are obtained by graphing the oil temperature displacement values for four saturation temperatures obtained from the graph in figure 5. For example, the method of minima squares or a similar method is applied with reference to each of the points obtained P1, P2, P3 and P4, and the intervals between the points are filled in to complete the graph showing the relationship between the saturation temperature and the temperature shift value of Oil. The approximation formulas representing the curves in the graph shown in figure 4 are stored, as data, in the memory 50b of the control device 50. Features (4-1)
    [057] As previously described, the cooling device as an example of the air conditioning device 10 is configured to comprise the indoor heat exchanger 21 (radiator or evaporator), the indoor heat exchanger 31 (evaporator or radiator), the compressor 40, the crankcase heater 46, the control device 50, the refrigerant pressure detector 61 and the oil temperature detector 62. The control device 50 controls the heater so that the oil temperature To of the lubricating oil in the compressor 40 reach the oil temperature target value Tso obtained by adding the oil temperature displacement value (predetermined temperature) to the saturation temperature Tr of the refrigerant in the compressor 40.
    [058] For example, in the techniques shown in Patent Literature 1 and 2, the crankcase heater can be in an ON state even in a section of high oil concentration as shown in figure 7. Specifically, when the air temperature external is increasing from a low state in which the sump heater is required to be in a ON state, even if the oil concentration has become high enough that there is no need for the sump heater to be in a ON state, the prevailing circumstances are maintained until the outside air temperature is such that the crankcase heater is to be turned off; therefore, the ON state can be maintained regardless of the oil concentration.
    [059] However, in the control device 50 according to the first modality mentioned above, the oil temperature target value Tso is established, according to the oil temperature displacement value (predetermined temperature), for a temperature the mixture of lubricating oil 70 with the refrigerant (for example, β1 to β4, etc.) in which the oil concentration in solubility equilibrium in the refrigerant pressure in the compressor 40 is at a predetermined established value (for example, 60%) . Therefore, the control device 50 can control the crankcase heater 46 according to the oil concentration without the heater control being affected by the outside air temperature, and it is possible to cut the standby power without the crankcase heater 46 being on. an ON state in the high oil concentration section. The control device 50 can control the crankcase heater 46 in order to obtain an oil temperature at which a fixed oil concentration is maintained.
    [060] Patent Literature 3 also discloses a technique for similarly controlling the sump heater in order to maintain the oil concentration. However, in the technique in Patent Literature 3, the solubility of the oil in the compressor is calculated from solubility characteristics to obtain the target oil concentration, requiring a complex calculation, increasing the cost of the cooling device and decreasing the response speed. . Figure 8 is a flow chart showing the conventional heater control according to the oil concentration revealed in Patent Literature 3. Figure 9 is a graph schematically showing solubility characteristics in order to illustrate the conventional heater control. In conventional heater control, a solubility calculator calculates solubility X from the pressure Pa in the compressor detected by an internal wrap pressure detector and the temperature T1 detected by the oil temperature detector (step S20). Then, it is determined whether or not the calculated solubility X is greater than an established solubility X0 (step S21). If the calculated solubility is less than the established solubility X0, as in the case of Xa, the heater is placed in an OFF state (step S23), and if the calculated solubility is greater than the established solubility X0, as is In the case of Xb, the heater is placed in an ON state (see figure 9).
    [061] As previously described, the conventional heater control in Patent Literature 3 examines in a seemingly simple way, but that is not simple in reality. Figure 9 is shown in order to be partially deformed to facilitate understanding. In the heater control in Patent Literature 3, it is necessary to look for the OFF heater point Px4 while modifying the solubility curve such as from the L11 curve to the L12, L13 and L14 curves. For example, while the liquid pressure and temperature at the calculated solubility Xb are Pb and T1, when the compressor is then heated using the crankcase heater, the pressure and temperature measured subsequently would have changed, for example, to the pressure Pc and the temperature T2. It follows that the L11 curve cannot be used as the solubility curve, and it is necessary to modify the solubility curve for the L12 curve. In addition, since it is necessary to search for the point Px2 on the L12 curve, it is necessary to return to step S20, perform the complex calculation again using the solubility calculator and calculate a solubility Xc. Thus, as the lubricating oil is heated using the crankcase heater, the temperature changes from T1 to T2, T3 and T4, and the pressure also changes with each measurement such as from Pb to Pc, Pd and Pe because of the effect room temperature or the like, making it necessary to change the solubility curve from L11 to L12, L13 and L14. Since the solubility Xa, Xb, Xc, Xd, Xe, etc. it cannot be achieved without performing a complex calculation using the two refrigerant pressure and oil temperature parameters, the calculation takes time and the response takes longer. In addition, there are different combinations of refrigerant and lubricating oil, the solubility curve must be prepared for each of the temperatures and the project requires a large amount of workload.
    [062] In contrast, as shown in figure 4, in the cooling device according to the first modality exposed above, even if there is a change in the temperature of the lubricating oil 70 and in the refrigerant pressure because of the crankcase heater 46 whether it is ON or OFF, the oil temperature shift value can be obtained, using a single simple formula representing the curves in figure 4, from the saturation temperature Tr obtained from the lubricating oil temperature 70 and the refrigerant pressure. In other words, from the control device 50 according to the first embodiment discussed above, it is not required to retain the solubility curve information, and the calculation involved in the heater control can be simplified. Furthermore, even if the types of lubricating oil and refrigerant change, and it becomes necessary for newly obtained data such as those shown in figure 4 to be retained by the control device 50, it is necessary only for the temperature shift value. of oil and the saturation temperature in relation to a predetermined established value for the oil concentration (for example, 60%) to be established. Therefore, there is no need to retain a solubility curve as data, and the design workload is reduced. Although in the first modality exposed above a description has been given for a case in which ON / OFF control is performed, since, in the air conditioning device 10 according to the present modality, temperature is the only parameter according to which control device 50 controls the crankcase heater 46, it is also easy to arrive at a setting in which proportionality control or the like is used to reduce the time it takes to reach the oil temperature target value Tso. (4-2)
    [063] Furthermore, the amount of data stored by the memory 50b of the control device 50 is less. As long as an oil temperature shift value (predetermined temperature) is retained as data for each saturation temperature shown in figure 4, the memory capacity and / or calculation load required, for example, for calculation by the control device 50 can be omitted. Thus it is possible for the control device 50 to control the crankcase heater 46 at a high speed, and the response speed of the compressor 40 for a change in situation is increased. (5) Examples of Modifications (5-1)
    [064] The relationship between the oil temperature shift value and the saturation temperature retained by the control device 50 can be represented by a curve or a straight line corresponding to an oil concentration in a predetermined established range, for example, 60% to 65%, instead of a curve corresponding to an oil concentration of 60%. For example, the LN line in figure 4 is included in an established oil concentration range of 60% to 65%. On the side where the saturation temperature is relatively low, the straight line LN is closer to a curve showing the relationship between the oil temperature shift value and the saturation temperature for which the established oil concentration value is 65%, and on the side where the saturation temperature is relatively high, the straight line LN is closer to a curve showing the relationship between the oil temperature shift value and the saturation temperature for which the concentration value of established oil is 60%.
    [065] The control device 50 executing a control using a straight LN line of such description will result in the oil concentration being controlled for a range that has a moderate width (for example, 60% to 65%). However, a control performed within a range like this is sufficient. It is also possible to adopt a setting in such a way that the established oil concentration value changes within a predetermined setting range for another reason. When the straight line LN is used, the oil temperature offset value is obtained by means of a proportional calculation from the saturation temperature, simplifying the control. (5-2)
    [066] In the first modality exposed above, as shown in figure 4, using the oil concentration as the established value, the relationship between the oil temperature displacement value and the saturation temperature at which the oil concentration is within a predetermined established range or a predetermined established value is obtained, and the control device 50 controls the crankcase heater 46 using the obtained ratio.
    [067] However, an oil viscosity value can be used instead of an oil concentration value with reference to the predetermined established range or the predetermined established value used when obtaining the relationship between the saturation temperature and the displacement value of oil temperature. An original purpose of controlling the crankcase heater 46 so that the oil concentration falls within a predetermined established range or within a predetermined established value is to prevent a decrease in oil viscosity. Therefore, heater control can be performed in order to directly achieve this purpose. The oil temperature shift value can be established, in a case in which oil viscosity is used, in a similar way to the case in which oil concentration is used. (5-3)
    [068] In the first embodiment set out above, a description was given for a case in which the oil temperature detector 62 detects the oil temperature of the lubricating oil 70 in the compressor 40. However, the oil temperature of the lubricating oil 70 can be estimated from a detection result by another measuring device. For example, the oil temperature can be estimated by further increasing the accuracy by correcting the detection result by the oil temperature detector 62, for example, with the outside air temperature surrounding the compressor 40 and / or with the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 21. Alternatively, the oil temperature of the lubricating oil 70 in the compressor 40 can be estimated from a measurement result by another measurement instrument to perform a measurement against a parameter to estimate the temperature of lubricating oil oil 70, without using oil temperature detector 62. (5-4)
    [069] In the first mode set out above, the control device 50 performs ON / OFF control of the crankcase heater 46. However, the control device 50 can perform a control in order to change the heating amount according to the value of oil temperature displacement. For example, there may be a case in which the oil temperature shift value becomes negative when there is a sharp change in pressure in the compressor 40. In a case like this, a modification can be performed in which the amount of heating is greater than in a case in which the oil temperature shift value is positive. (5-5)
    [070] In the first embodiment set out above, the refrigerant pressure detector 61 is mounted on the inlet tube 43, and the refrigerant pressure in the compressor 40 is measured on the side of the inlet tube 43. However, in a case in which the refrigerant pressure in compressor 40 can be measured more satisfactorily on the side of the discharge pipe 42 than on the side of the inlet pipe 43, the pressure can be detected by mounting the pressure detector on the inlet pipe 43 of refrigerant 61 in the discharge tube 42. (5-6)
    [071] In the first embodiment set out above, the saturation gas temperature is used as the saturation temperature. However, the saturation liquid temperature can be used as the saturation temperature. (5-7)
    [072] In the first embodiment set out above, the lubricating oil 70 is heated using the crankcase heater 46. However, the heater for heating the lubricating oil 70 is not limited to the crankcase heater 46. For example, engine winding heating using open phase energization can be used as a method to heat lubricating oil 70; in a case like this, a motor winding is used as the heater to heat the lubricating oil 70. In a case like this, the control device 50 performs, as a heater control, ON / OFF heating control for the winding heating. motor using open phase energization. Second Mode (6) Cooling Device Overview
    [073] In the first embodiment set out above, a description has been given with reference to controlling the heater while the cooling device of the air conditioning device 10 is being supplied with power and the cooling device of the air conditioning device 10 is maintaining a connected state. However, situations in which the cooling device of the air conditioning device 10 can be placed include a state in which the power supply of the air conditioning device 10 is cut off. In a compressor 40 that is stopped for a long period of time in a state in which the power supply is cut off, the cooling oil in compressor 40 cannot be heated, and a large amount of the refrigerant can dissolve in the cooling oil. because of a change in the outside air temperature. An air conditioning device 10 according to a second embodiment described below is configured in order to make it possible to perform a control to prevent defects caused by a decrease in viscosity because of a large amount of refrigerant dissolving in the cooling oil when the power supply is switched on again after the power supply has been cut.
    [074] A cooling device according to the second mode can be configured in a mode similar to that of the cooling device of the air conditioning device 10 according to the first mode. Therefore, the following description of the cooling device according to the second mode will focus on the control performed when the power supply is switched on again after the power supply has been cut, with the cooling device configuration according to the second modality being the same as that of the cooling device of the air conditioning device 10 according to the first modality. (7) Heater Control
    [075] Figure 10 is a flowchart showing the activation of the heater control during startup of the cooling device according to the second mode. The oil concentration control constant in step S31 is the control described in the first modality, and indicates heater control unless it corresponds to the start. In other words, steps S32 to S37 are heater control subroutines according to the first modality. Therefore, steps S32 to S37 can be performed at an appropriate point in time in the heater control according to the first modality.
    [076] At startup, it is determined whether the circuit breaker is being turned ON or not for the first time (step S32). This corresponds to determining whether or not the start is one in which a test run is performed. If the circuit breaker is being turned ON for the first time, a test operation is generally considered to be necessary. Therefore, if the circuit breaker is being turned on for the first time, the flow proceeds to step S33. In step S33 it is determined whether or not a test operation implementation signal is ON. If the test operation is implemented, the test operation implementation signal is ON. This test operation implementation signal is stored, for example, in the memory 50b of the control device 50. If the test operation implementation signal is OFF, the test operation has not yet been implemented, so the test operation is implemented (step S34). If the test operation implementation signaling is not turned OFF, the test operation has already been implemented, so a special start with respect to refrigerant stagnation is performed (step S35). Special start is one that is performed by modifying the configuration corresponding to the normal start to a configuration that is more appropriate for a state in which a large amount of the refrigerant has dissolved in the lubricating oil in the compressor (refrigerant stagnation state). Cases in which it is determined that the circuit breaker is being turned ON for the first time may include, for example, a case in which power has not been supplied to the air conditioning device 10 in any way because of a power cut or the like . Following the test run in step S34 and the special start in step S35, an operation such as a cooling operation or a heating operation is carried out (step S39). Then, the control device 50 interrupts the operation of the air conditioning device 10 when, for example, the control device 50 receives an instruction to interrupt the operation (step S40). Heater control other than that corresponding to the start is performed after the operation has been interrupted (step S31).
    [077] On the other hand, if, at startup, it is determined that the circuit breaker is not being turned ON for the first time (step S32), it is determined whether or not (To-Tr) is equal to or less than a target displacement value. The target displacement value is a value obtained by subtracting the saturation temperature Tr from the oil temperature target value Tso in which the target oil concentration is reached, and it is one that is calculated and renewed continuously according to the change in situation (at predetermined time intervals). If (To-Tr) is greater than the target displacement value, the target oil concentration is achieved, and thus a normal start is performed (step S38).
    [078] If it is determined in step S36 that (To-Tr) is equal to or less than the target displacement value, the control device 50 performs a differentiated level special start established according to the value of ΔT (step S37). Here, ΔT corresponds to {target displacement value - (To-Tr)}. For example, if ΔT is such that 0 <ΔT <5 ° C, special low level start is performed, and if ΔT> 5 ° C, special high level start is performed. More than that for the low level special starter, the setting for the high level special starter is more suitable for starting in a case where more than a predetermined amount of the refrigerant has dissolved in the lubricating oil in the compressor.
    [079] A description of the determination carried out in step S36 using a specific example is as follows. First, the refrigerant pressure and oil temperature are read at the intersection in the graph at the target oil concentration, and the oil temperature shift value is obtained. For example, the intersections Ps1, Ps2, Ps3 and Ps4 between the line corresponding to an oil concentration of 60% (solubility of 40% by weight) and lines of equal oil temperature in figure 5 are read. The pressures at the intersections are converted to saturation temperatures Tr and subtracted from the oil temperature To to obtain (To-Tr).
    [080] Thus, since values are read directly from a graph obtained through real experiments or the like (ie, since the values are derived directly from the actual relationship between refrigerant pressure, oil temperature and the target oil concentration), the relationship between all parameters used in the heater control performed by the control device 50 is reproduced for a high degree of accuracy.
    [081] Furthermore, if the amount of oil inside the dome (100%) retained by the compressor 40 is clearly known, the oil surface height can be calculated in the opposite direction to the target oil concentration. Therefore, in a case where there is a likelihood of a terminal insulation failure caused by the terminal being immersed in the lubricating oil during startup, it is also possible to modify the target oil concentration and have the control device 50 perform a check. in order to avoid insulation failure. (7) Features (7-1)
    [082] As previously described, the control device 50 of the air conditioning device 10 according to the second modality performs, at the start, a selection between normal start and special start based on (To-Tr) and the value target displacement (example of the oil temperature of the lubricating oil and the target value of the oil temperature) (step S36). Since a selection can be made between normal and special start, when the special start is necessary it is possible to proceed to step S37 and perform a special start, improving reliability. (7-2)
    [083] If the special match is selected instead of the normal match, the control device 50 selects the high level special match or the low level special match (examples of a plurality of special matches) based on ΔT (example of oil temperature of the lubricating oil and the oil temperature target value) (step S37). Since an appropriate special starter can be selected in this way, it is possible to select a special starter and start the compressor 40 more appropriately in a better mode when compared to a case in which no special starter selection is not possible, further improving reliability . (7-3)
    [084] At the initial start after the power supply from the outside to the air conditioning device 10 is switched ON, the control device 50 selects, according to the test operation's implementation history, between executing a test operation or executing a special start (step S33). Since the control device 50 can be used to switch between test operation and stagnation operation, it is possible to perform a test operation of the refrigeration device as required at the site of use and others. Thus, it is possible, by performing a test operation, to avoid having to perform an unnecessary special start, facilitating the installation of a cooling device. (8) Examples of Modifications (8-1)
    [085] In the second mode described above, even when it is determined in step S33 that the test operation has been completed, the status after the shutdown is not known; therefore, a special match is performed instead of a normal match. However, it is possible to apply additionally, with reference to the special item, the high level special item established in step S37.
    [086] Furthermore, when the condition to introduce step S35 is satisfied, a measure to increase the concentration of target oil can also be taken. List of Reference Symbols 10 Air Conditioning Device 21 Indoor Heat Exchanger 31 Indoor Heat Exchanger 40 Compressor 46 Crankcase Heater 50 Control Device Refrigerant Pressure Detector Oil Temperature Detector Prior Art Literature Patent Literature
    [087] Patent Literature 1: JP-A 2001-73952;
    [088] Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent No. 4111246;
    [089] Patent Literature 3: JP-A 9-170826.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [0001]
    1. A cooling device comprising: an irradiator (21, 31) to cause a refrigerant to radiate heat; an evaporator (31, 21) to cause the refrigerant to evaporate; a compressor (40) for compressing the refrigerant that circulates between the irradiator and the evaporator (31, 21); a refrigerant pressure detector (61) to detect the pressure (LP) of the refrigerant in the compressor (40), a heater (46) to heat lubricating oil in the compressor (40); and a control device (50) for controlling the heater (46) upon receiving a detection result from the refrigerant pressure detector (61), wherein the control device (50) controls the heater (46), while the compressor (40) is stopped, so that the oil temperature (TO) of the lubricating oil in the compressor (40) reaches a target value of the oil temperature (TSO) obtained by adding a predetermined temperature to the saturation temperature (Tr) of the refrigerant in the compressor (40), saturation temperature which is calculated from the refrigerant pressure, characterized by the fact that the target value of the oil temperature (TSO) is defined, using the predetermined temperature, for the temperature (β) of a mixture of lubricating oil and refrigerant in which the oil concentration or oil viscosity in equilibrium of solubility in pressure (LP) of the refrigerant is at a predetermined value.
    [0002]
    2. Cooling device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the control device (50) maintains the predetermined temperature as data for each of the saturation temperatures (T).
    [0003]
    Cooling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a temperature detector (62) for measuring the oil temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor (40) and transmitting the oil temperature to the control device (50) or a measuring device (62, 63, 64) to perform a measurement related to a parameter to estimate the temperature of the lubricating oil in the compressor and transmit the measurement result to the control device (50) .
    [0004]
    4. Cooling device according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the control device performs, when the cooling device is being initialized, a selection between a normal start and a special start for refrigerant stagnation based on the oil temperature (TO) of the lubricating oil and the target value of the oil temperature (TSO).
    [0005]
    5. Cooling device according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the special start includes a plurality of special starts for refrigerant stagnation having different configurations from each other, and in which, when selecting the special start instead of the normal start, the control device (50) performs a selection of the special starts based on the oil temperature (TO) of the lubricating oil and the target oil temperature value (Tso).
    [0006]
    6. Cooling device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the fact that, at the initial start, after a power supply from the outside to the cooling device is ON, the control device (50) selects, according to the test operation's implementation history, between executing a test operation or executing the special start.
    [0007]
    Cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control device (50) controls the heater (46) in such a way that the oil temperature (TO) satisfies the target value of oil temperature (TSO) when the compressor is stopped.
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    CN103827597B|2016-01-27|
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    EP2781855A1|2014-09-24|
    AU2012317420A1|2014-04-10|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-01-28| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-04-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/09/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
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    JP2011-218390|2011-09-30|
    JP2011218390|2011-09-30|
    JP2012213551A|JP5240392B2|2011-09-30|2012-09-27|Refrigeration equipment|
    JP2012-213551|2012-09-27|
    PCT/JP2012/075095|WO2013047754A1|2011-09-30|2012-09-28|Refrigeration device|
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